Archive for the ‘Africa’ category

Celebrating World Humanitarian Day

August 18th, 2010

Today we are celebrating World Humanitarian Day on End the Neglect! More than ever, the humanitarian community has been able to respond quickly to crises throughout the world, and provide relief in a timely fashion. Much of this success can be attributed to the selfless hard work and dedication from countless numbers of volunteers and aid workers. Today we recognize each and every one of these individuals and their tireless work.

In addition to this recognition, World Humanitarian Day is also a reminder that such tireless work is not nearly complete. The recent floods in Pakistan has affected millions of Pakistanis, causing displacement of individuals and an environment conducive to the spread of water-borne diseases. Aid remains to be unstable as food, clean water, and other relief supplies have been slow to reach victims. In the long-term, damages from the flooding pose to be a great threat to the country’s economy, and food and political security. It is at this point in time when humanitarian work is needed most.

In the world of NTDs, the high prevalence of schistosomiasis amongst African countries is a humanitarian crisis within the continent. As mentioned in a previous post, Africa is home to many who suffer from schistosomiasis, a disease affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Symptoms include anemia, inflammation, and disability. Mass distribution of the drug Praziquantel is the only commercially available treatment for the disease, however, provision of the drug to Africa has been minimal. Authors Peter Hotez, Dirk Engels, Alan Fenwick and Lorenzo Savioli published an editorial in the August 13 edition of The Lancet calling for more Praziquantel, a drug that costs a few cents per pill, to reduce the schistosomiasis burden in a continent where individuals are most affected.

Observe World Humanitarian Day today! Visit the Global Network website and find out how you can help relieve the crisis of NTDs!

Reading List 8/17/2010

August 17th, 2010

Happy Tuesday! Below is a  great list of reads to get your week started. Today we’re reading about Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)’s contribution to the Pool for Open Innovation against Neglected Tropical Diseases, the importance of foreign aid for Africa, an article about the Global Atlas of Helminth Infections, and how research on worms may contribute to Alzheimer research.

MMV Joins Pool for Neglected Tropical Diseases, The Medical News
Why Foreign Aid is Important for Africa, Charles Abugre, CNN
Mapping this Wormy World, Biology News Net
Research Adds Weight To New Thinking On Alzheimer’s Disease, MediLexicon

Ownership of Treatment Efforts for NTDs in Mali

August 17th, 2010

Community drug distributors in Cinzana, Mali prepare for mass drug distribution. Photo ©HKI.

As it takes a village to raise a child, it takes a community to control and eliminate NTDs. In Mali’s Segou Region resides Cinzana, a town made of 39 villages with 15,000 inhabitants with a high number of NTD cases. Diseases suffered by the area include trachoma, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. Fortunately, Mali is one of 12 countries supported by an initiative funded by USAID called the NTD Control Program. Beginning in 2007, the Program partnered with the country’s Ministry of Health to distribute drugs and treatment to control NTDs. In Cinzana, distribution is conducted by a community group comprised of volunteers. Effective delivery of drugs to each infected individual can pose as a lofty endeavor. Limited resources and poor road infrastructures act as barriers to getting drugs to individuals in the outskirts of Cinzana, and becomes an even greater obstacle during the rainy seasons.

Despite these challenges, the NTD Control Program has been highly successful. By the end of 2009, the entire area of Cinzana received treatment. Much of this success is attributed to the community’s willingness to participate and be a part of the Program’s activities. Volunteers quickly recognized that effective distribution could only be reached if there was a large number of community drug distributors (CDDs). Thus, one of Cinzana’s economic interest groups, the Association of Community Health (ASACO), garnered the support of 200 much needed CDDs. In addition to the increase of CDDs, ASACO along with Mali’s government also provided more resources conducive to effective disease control such as notebooks, pens, and dosing poles, which are wooden tools used to identify the correct drug dosage for each individual.

Through community involvement and participation, Cinzana was able to reach 100% geographic coverage rates. Cinzana pledges to continue its diligence and dedication to the work of the NTD Control Program, working toward reaching goals and controlling NTDs.

To do your part in controlling and eliminating NTDs, please visit the Global Network website to get involved.

Support for NTD control in Mali is provided by USAID through a grant to Helen Keller International. Program activities are a part of the NTD Control Program led by RTI International. For more information, please visit http://ntd.rti.org/.

New Global Atlas will Transform Deworming Programmes

August 16th, 2010

As mentioned last Friday, the Global Atlas of Helminth Infections is a brand new tool that will track worm infections all throughout Africa. Below is the press release announcing its launch:

Partnership for Child Development

MAPPING THIS WORMY WORLD

New global atlas will transform deworming programmes

Maps showing the distribution and prevalence of worm infections in every African country will be launched today (17 August). These maps, called This Wormy World www.thiswormyworld.org, are the first of a series of Global Atlas of Helminth Infections which provide a unique, open-access, free information resource vital for planning and implementing deworming programmes.

It is estimated that more than 400 million children worldwide are infected with worms (helminths), 90 million in Africa alone. Worms damage children’s health, nutrition and educational achievement. Infections are most prevalent in poor communities where there is inadequate sanitation. The most common worm infections are soil-transmitted helminths (roundworm, whipworm and hookworm) and schistosomiasis.

This Wormy World identifies areas in a country that most urgently require mass treatment to control infection and predicts the risk of infection in areas where data is lacking. The Global Atlas of Helminth Infections has been produced by an international collaboration lead by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Partnership for Child Development at Imperial College London. For a decade, the group has been gathering survey data to describe the distribution and prevalence of worm infection.

Announcing This Wormy World at the 12th International Congress of Parasitology in Melbourne, Australia, founder of the project, Dr Simon Brooker from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK and KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya, said, “Worm control is like a journey. The extent and location of the problem need to be mapped out in order to get treatment to where it is needed most. Until recently, much worm control has been a journey without reliable maps.”

» Read more: New Global Atlas will Transform Deworming Programmes

End the Neglect Blog Round Up 8/13/2010

August 13th, 2010

Happy Friday readers!

Here’s our weekly roundup:

  1.  On Monday we highlighted a story about an NTD program that provides meals to school children before giving them treatment for schistosomiasis.
  2. On Tuesday, a great organization LEPRA Health In Action guest blogged about integrated programs between Leprosy and Lymphatic Filariasis
  3. On Wednesday, our frequently contributing writer and global health guru Alanna Shaikh gave us some good news about Buruli Ulcer
  4. On Thursday we told you about a new feature on the Council on Foreign Relations website called The Global Governance Monitor
  5. And Today, Friday we had two great items for you: 1) A New Global Helminth Atlas that will be a great NTD advocacy tool 2) The latest edition of The Lancet included an article about Africa’s need for improved access to treatment for schistosomiasis.

Latest Lancet Article Reveals: “Africa is Desperate for Praziquantel”

August 13th, 2010

 

Urine samples from school-aged children from Nérékoro in Ségou region of Mali. Three samples on right show visible haematuria, which indicates infection with S haematobium. Three samples on left are not haematuric at visual inspection but could still contain abnormal number of red blood cells. Urine cloudiness (third sample from left) is early sign of abnormality. Photo Credit: The Lancet

In an editorial in the August 13 edition of The Lancet, authors representing the Sabin Vaccine Institute, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Imperial College of London call for increased supplies of praziquantel for the African continent.  Praziquantel is the only commercially available treatment for human schistosomiasis, a devastating neglected tropical disease (NTD) affects an estimated 200-600 million people worldwide, with the vast majority of cases occurring in Africa, and causes chronic anemia and inflammation associated with severe disability among children, adolescents and young adults. Schistosomiasis produces a disease burden that could exceed that of malaria.

NTDs are devastating, disabling and debilitating parasitic and bacterial infections that adversely affect the poorest 1.4 billion people worldwide living on $1.25 a day. Such conditions promote poverty because of their impact on child growth and development, pregnancy outcome, and worker productivity, all of which adversely impact the earning capacity of already impoverished individuals and communities.

Authors Dr. Peter Hotez (Sabin Vaccine Institute), Dr. Lorenzo Savioli (WHO), Dr. Dirk Engels (WHO) and Dr. Alan Fenwick (Imperial), emphasize that because an estimated one billion tablets are needed to treat 400 million people annually or every other year, at least 10-20 times the currently donated praziquantel is necessary to increase treatment for schistosomiasis in Africa.

The authors conclude by stating that, “… praziquantel is urgently needed for sub-Saharan Africa now, and the current failure of the global community to provide access to this essential medicine is impeding sustainable development in Africa. The shortages of praziquantel should be treated as an African humanitarian crisis.”

 Read the full article here 

 

Global Atlas of Helminth Infections

August 13th, 2010

We have some great news–the Global Atlas of Helminth Infections is a new tool which helps to visualize the global spread of infections from soil transmitted helminths (hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm) and schistosomiasis.

Inspired by Dr. Norman Stoll and his seminal “This Wormy World” (1947),a small team from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the Partnership for Child Development at Imperial College, London are working to map the global spread of these important yet neglected tropical diseases. According to their website, the project has already identified, cataloged and mapped over 10,000 surveys!

Overall, the project “aims to:

  1. Collate in a single database all available information on the prevalence of STH and schistosomiasis
  2. Describe the global distribution and prevalence of STH and schistosomiasis
  3. Provide an information resource to guide control efforts
  4. Highlight areas where further survey information is required.”

Although Africa is the only continent that is currently available, maps for The Americas and Central/South East Asia are in the works. More data is need and you can contribute your data to their efforts here.

Of particular note, the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases is listed as an Associate Partner in the project.

Good News For Buruli Ulcer

August 11th, 2010

By: Alanna Shaikh

I like good news, and this week has sure been short on it. Today, for example – we have added massive landslides in China to the floods in Pakistan and the forest fires in Russia. We could all use a good success story with interesting implications and – hey – I’ve got one:

The Stop Buruli consortium has successfully gene sequenced the bacteria that transmit Buruli. Buruli ulcer, for the unfamiliar, is a disgusting flesh-eating disease that leads to open sores and deformities. It generally affects children and young people, and it’s primarily found in West Africa (though it also shows up in Asia, Latin America, and Australia. I am hoping they mean some part of Asia far away from Central Asia, where I live.) And – this is fun – we’re not sure exactly how it is transmitted.  It has a mechanism beyond just skin-to-skin contact. It seems to be linked to slow moving water. Maybe.

» Read more: Good News For Buruli Ulcer

Integrated Programs for Disability Prevention

August 10th, 2010

By: LEPRA Health In Action

Washing is an important self care technique to prevent and treat LF and Leprosy patients. Photo Credit: LEPRA Health in Action

According to The World Health Organization a ‘fundamental prerequisite for accelerating the elimination of lymphatic filariasis, is the integration of the programme with other disease control/eradication programmes’. Disability prevention is however an essential part of LF elimination.  

Where people are already affected by the mosquito borne disease LEPRA Health in Action has found that an integrated approach using self-care techniques to treat patients with LF along with leprosy and other lower limb disabilities is reaping rewards.

In places like Bangladesh and northern India there are few specialist services to help disabled people and government health centres are often only able to offer primary health care. The result is that preventable disability can occur. In addition to the physical effects of these diseases patients’ self-esteem and economic well-being can also be affected. » Read more: Integrated Programs for Disability Prevention

Sierra Leone: Providing Meals to School Children before Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis

August 9th, 2010

Girls in Sierra Leone enjoy lunch before taking praziquantel for schistosomiasis. Photo ©HKI/Mustapha Sonnie

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that manifests with urinary and intestinal symptoms. It also can lead to anemia, stunting of growth, poor cognition, and decreased school attendance and performance among children. A child living in Sierra Leone’s northern, eastern, and southern districts face serious risks of contracting schistosomiasis simply from swimming or bathing in fresh, still water.

For the first time in 2009, with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID), the National Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control Program in Sierra Leone distributed praziquantel to school-aged children in endemic areas to control infections caused by schistosomiasis. However, many children go to school each morning without having eaten breakfast—or even dinner the night before. If praziquantel is taken on an empty stomach, it can result in stomach aches, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, tiredness, and extreme fatigue. These side effects are more likely to manifest in heavily parasitized children who are receiving treatment for the first time.

» Read more: Sierra Leone: Providing Meals to School Children before Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis