Posts Tagged ‘Mass Drug Administration’

Ownership of Treatment Efforts for NTDs in Mali

August 17th, 2010

Community drug distributors in Cinzana, Mali prepare for mass drug distribution. Photo ©HKI.

As it takes a village to raise a child, it takes a community to control and eliminate NTDs. In Mali’s Segou Region resides Cinzana, a town made of 39 villages with 15,000 inhabitants with a high number of NTD cases. Diseases suffered by the area include trachoma, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. Fortunately, Mali is one of 12 countries supported by an initiative funded by USAID called the NTD Control Program. Beginning in 2007, the Program partnered with the country’s Ministry of Health to distribute drugs and treatment to control NTDs. In Cinzana, distribution is conducted by a community group comprised of volunteers. Effective delivery of drugs to each infected individual can pose as a lofty endeavor. Limited resources and poor road infrastructures act as barriers to getting drugs to individuals in the outskirts of Cinzana, and becomes an even greater obstacle during the rainy seasons.

Despite these challenges, the NTD Control Program has been highly successful. By the end of 2009, the entire area of Cinzana received treatment. Much of this success is attributed to the community’s willingness to participate and be a part of the Program’s activities. Volunteers quickly recognized that effective distribution could only be reached if there was a large number of community drug distributors (CDDs). Thus, one of Cinzana’s economic interest groups, the Association of Community Health (ASACO), garnered the support of 200 much needed CDDs. In addition to the increase of CDDs, ASACO along with Mali’s government also provided more resources conducive to effective disease control such as notebooks, pens, and dosing poles, which are wooden tools used to identify the correct drug dosage for each individual.

Through community involvement and participation, Cinzana was able to reach 100% geographic coverage rates. Cinzana pledges to continue its diligence and dedication to the work of the NTD Control Program, working toward reaching goals and controlling NTDs.

To do your part in controlling and eliminating NTDs, please visit the Global Network website to get involved.

Support for NTD control in Mali is provided by USAID through a grant to Helen Keller International. Program activities are a part of the NTD Control Program led by RTI International. For more information, please visit http://ntd.rti.org/.

A Closer Look at Mass Drug Administration

July 15th, 2010

By: Alanna Shaikh

Photo Courtesy of http://www.doh.gov.ph

One of the most effective ways of fighting Neglected Tropical Diseases is through Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Basically, you treat an entire population with the drug for a specific disease. The idea is that by treating everybody at once, you interrupt transmission of the disease. So you get the benefit of treatment for all the individuals involved, and you also put a major dent into the spread of the disease. (If you want to learn more about MDA, there is a good article by Peter Hotez.)

The tricky thing about doing mass administration is that it’s an awful lot of people you need consent from. As soon as people start refusing the treatment – not taking the drugs, avoiding the treatment site, keeping their kids home from school, whatever – then your drug administration isn’t so mass any more. The people who get treated still benefit but you lose the multiplier effect of getting the whole population at once. In a worst case scenario, people do partial treatments. Then there is no individual benefit, no mass treatment benefit, and you run the risk of causing resistance to the drug treatment.

» Read more: A Closer Look at Mass Drug Administration

Stephanie’s Story

June 28th, 2010

by: Christopher Glass

It’s about 6am on my last day of a week-long trip to Haiti.  I’m sitting in my hotel room in Port-Au-Prince waiting to be picked up to go the airport and I’m listening to the city wake up. My hotel room is quiet. No TV. No cell phones. When I close my eyes and listen I hear car horns beeping, pigs grunting and roosters crowing all in a matter of moments.

I’m sitting here thinking about all the things I witnessed and all the people I met– wonderful people who greeted me with a smile and a handshake. People walking down the street who waived to me when we made eye contact.

I slept well last night; thankfully I had a room with air conditioning since the high temperature has been hovering around 100 degrees. I missed that during our trip to Jacmel to watch the start of our second Mass Drug Administration (MDA) this month.

The MDA is part of the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) intervention in Haiti. This program started well before the earthquake, we’re distributing medicines to eliminate or control Lymphatic Filariasis (commonly known as Elephantiasis) and Soil-transmitted Helminths, particularly nasty intestinal worms.  IMA World Health’s role is to coordinate the boots on the ground- among other things. But I’ll get into more of that later.

I’m having a difficult time writing this blog entry because I have so much to say and so many photos to post. I feel like I could ramble on forever about this country and our work here but one story comes to mind. I’ll leave you with this image.

Her name is Stephanie.

She is 18 years old and she’s suffering from a severe case of Lymphatic Filariasis. (LF) We met her by accident; we took a wrong turn and ended up on a back street in Jacmel. When I saw her we stopped the car and I spoke with her with the help of Dr. Abdel Direny, a Haitian-born co-worker and friend who helped make this trip a success.

Stephanie

She says her parents are alive and living in Jacmel but want nothing to do with her; she sleeps at her grandmother’s home but is sent out during the day. She sits on this street and begs for money from strangers. I’m told the wall is where she spends her time.

I asked her if she was going to school– she can’t, there’s not enough money. Her section of street is about 500 yards from one of our distribution points. We offered to drive her to get some of the medicines for her leg but she declined saying she had already gone to a clinic and taken some medicine for her foot. Dr. Direny thought it may have been some pain medicine but wasn’t sure.

She sounded apprehensive about our pills. Dr. Direny did his best to explain their benefits and we asked her several times to take the medication but the best we could get was a promise that she’d go the next day. I hope she does.

The medicine distributed by IMA World Health for LF probably won’t reduce the swelling but it will get rid of the worms in the blood stream causing it. According to Dr. Direny, our Program Director in Haiti, she is very young to have such an advanced case, the medicine could still be a great help to her.

She needs access to a hospital capable of teaching her how to deal with her leg. It’s called Morbidity Management. IMA is connected to this, teaching people how to care for swollen limbs like this by washing and daily maintenance. Sometimes the swelling will go down.

This takes me back to the Mass Drug Administration. If she could have taken the pills at a younger age, she wouldn’t have developed the swelling. Her life would be dramatically different.

As I write this post, IMA World Health is distributing medicine to more than 1 million people in the month of June in Haiti. This is a huge number to wrap your mind around but consider this– they are doing it with a network of roughly 4,000 community volunteers.

This work is truly being done in a partnership with the Ministries of Health and Education and other implementing partners. IMA’s funding is from USAID through RTI and there is a huge community effort to make this a success. It’s great to see a partnership of this size working in a country facing so many obstacles to face in the months and years to come. There are so many people working hard to improve the lives of people they may never know. People like Stephanie.

If you would like to learn more about IMA World Health and follow updates on our work go to www.imaworldhealth.org.

Christopher Glass is the E-Communications Officer at IMA World Health

Innovative financing for neglected diseases

May 26th, 2010

Reprinted with permission from: The Global Health Blog – a project of PubHealth.org

By: Sarah Arnquist

List of NTDs

List of NTDs

Neglected tropical diseases attracted the media spotlight this month, starting with a New York Times op-ed by Peter Hotez, president of the Sabin Vaccine Institute.

Now, Hotez and Bernard Pecoul, executive director of Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), have released a “manifesto” outlining why the global community should increase financial support for NTD control, elimination efforts and research and development.

“About three-quarters of total neglected disease R&D annual spending is for HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, leaving only about US$600 million worldwide for all NTDs per year,” they write.

Last week, the open-access journal, PloS Medicine, hosted a debate over the best approach to tackle neglected tropical diseases. (For a quick overview read the blog post, “Neglected diseases: teach or treat?” from The Scientist.) The debate centered on whether the focus to eliminate the diseases has been overly medicalized at the expense of focusing on social determinants of disease and how future resources and investments should be best allocated to balance implementation and R&D.

The debate and dialogue are great and necessary, but calls for any additional funding, regardless of how it’s allocated, begs the question where will the money be raised.

While global health experienced a “golden age” of new financial commitments during the last decade, international development assistance for health has flat-lined. Given the plurality of funding demands, including HIV prevention and treatment, chronic diseases, trauma and injury and neglected tropical diseases, many say merely sustaining — let alone expanding — financial assistance requires new “innovate financing” models for global health.

Innovative financing examples include:

  • UNITAID — an international fund that uses revenues from taxes on airline tickets to promote lower prices and improved access to drugs, bed nets, etc.
  • Advance Market Commitments (AMCs), in which legally binding commitments to pay for new life-saving vaccines aim to stimulate faster and larger industry investments in R&D.
  • International Financing Facility (IFF) — rich country governments make long-term pledges to collateralize commercial debt financing.
  • Debt Swaps – rich country creditors write off debts owed by developing countries if they convert a portion of the debt value to disease control activities.

Sarah Arnquist is the editor of The Global Health Blog, part of PubHealth.org, a project aimed to create an online mechanism to facilitate harmonization among international health care researchers, practitioners and funders. Arnquist writes case studies on global health delivery issues and previously worked as a journalist. She has a master’s in public health from Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.

Millions Treated for NTDs in Burundi

March 12th, 2010
A few of the many Burundians treated in the December 2009 MDA

A few of the many Burundians treated in the December 2009 MDA

By Indra Struyven

In December 20009, the Burundi NTD Control Program successfully treated 3.6 million preschool and school-age children and 115,008 pregnant women in the ongoing battle against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The program also successfully trained 1,467 health care workers for diagnosing and treating NTDs in its third year of operation.

The main target of this mass drug administration (MDA) was one of the most prevalent and debilitating group of parasitic infections, namely the soil-transmitted helminthiases (intestinal worm infections). These are diseases that cause anaemia, malnutrition, pain, and physical and mental underdevelopment in children.

Béoline Nsengiyumva, now free of worms

Béoline Nsengiyumva, now free of worms

One person who benefited from this MDA is Béoline Nsengiyumva. Béoline is a 14 year old girl living with her family in Mukungu, Makamba province in Burundi. She’s in her 5th year of primary school, has a very joyful and cheerful demeanour, and, like many of her schoolmates, was afflicted with soil-transmitted helminths. The parasitic disease caused her to suffer from exhaustion, nausea, and abdominal pains, forcing her to miss school and make frequent trips to the local health clinic. But that was all before she received treatment in December, Since Béoline has become healthy again.

Another key part of a MDA is education to prevent getting infected again in the future. Béoline is learning the importance of hygiene. When asked if she knows how prevent intestinal worm infections, she says that she has to wash her hands. Simple steps such as using the latrines at her school and wearing shoes can go a long way towards preventing future re-infection.

The Burundi NTD Control Program organized the MDA in partnership with several other programs from the Ministry of Health, UNICEF, the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, CBM and the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases.

IndraIndra Struyven is a medical doctor. She completed the diploma course of tropical medicine in London (LSHTM). Currently she’s working for CBM,  as a technical assistant to the Ministry of Health in Burundi, to assist the team of the Ministry in their fight against NTD’s. Before she was working as a GP in Dar es Salaam.

Pictures from Rwandan MDA are Up!

October 20th, 2009

We’re excited to share with you a number of the photographs taken during October’s mass drug administration (MDA) in Rwanda–a campaign that successfully dewormed over 4 million Rwandans!

Please visit our Flickr Account to view a selection of pictures, all of which were provided by The Access Project team.

DRUGS AND ACCESSORIES1DSC_0409HAPPY TO BE DEWORMED