Posts Tagged ‘LF’

Reading List 8/31/2010

August 31st, 2010

A new list of reads for your reading pleasure! Today we’re reading about a successful experimental treatment for victims of trachoma, the current state of global immunization, the spread of trachoma within the Northern Bahr el Ghazal region of Sudan, and Lymphatic filariasis in India.

Experimental vision cure proves successful, Thomas H. Maugh, Los Angeles Times
Global immunizations hit record but miss millions, David Morgan, Reuters
Mystery eye disease spreads across Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Ngor Arol Garang, Sudan Tribune
Lymphatic filariasis in India: Epidemiology and control measures, S Sabesan, P Vanamail, KHK Raju, P Jambulingam, Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

Reading List 8/25/2010

August 25th, 2010

A great new list of reads to get you through the week! Today we’re reading about a Lancet seminar on lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, a great overview of drugs available to treat NTDs, Merck’s provision of funds to fight against HIV/AIDS in Botswana, and the use of roundworm in a new groundbreaking study. Enjoy!

Lancet seminar: lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, NeLM news service
Medications to Treat Human Worms, Amy O’Connell, Live Strong
Merck Provides New Funding to Fight HIV/AIDS in Botswana, PharmaLive
Study of cell division sheds light on special mechanism in egg cells, Lab Spaces

Worm of the Week – Lymphatic Filariasis

August 24th, 2010

Another installment from our Worm of the Week series, courtesy of student campaigners from Boston University! Today we feature:

Lymphatic Filariasis


Wuchereria bancrofti AND Brugia malayi AND Brugia timori

Lymphatic Filariasis

A physically and socially debilitating disease, lymphatic filariasis affects over 120 million people in 80 different countries. The thread-like parasitic filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti (causing most infections worldwide), and Brugia malayi and Brugia timori (primarily in Asia) lodge in the human lymphatic system. There, adult worms mate and produce millions of microscopic microfilariae that circulate in the person’s blood. Infection spreads by mosquito bites containing larval worms that travel to lymph and grow into adults which takes about six months. Adult worms can live 5 to 7 years.

Symptoms

Sometimes called elephantiasis due to the engorgement and thickening of skin, lymphatic filariasis is characterized by lymphedema, or fluid collection due to improper functioning of the lymph system resulting in swelling. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic and will never develop symptoms. In the severest cases, fluid accumulates in the legs, arms, breasts, and genitalia. Infected persons are at increased risk for bacterial infections in the skin and lymph system.

Diagnosis

Microscopic identification of microfilariae in blood smear. Blood collection should be done at night.

Treatment

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) kills microfilaria and some of the adult worms; Ivermectin kills microfilaria.

Prevention and Control

The best way to avoid lymphatic filariasis is to avoid mosquito bites (sleep under mosquito net, use repellent, wear long sleeves and trousers). In 1997, the World Health Assembly called for the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. The strategy for elimination is based on treating everyone eligible to take the medicine living in an affected community with a dose of two drugs: albendazole is used in conjunction with ivermectin (sub-Saharan Africa) and with DEC (elsewhere in world).

Sources: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/index.htm

http://www.cartercenter.org/health/lf/index.html

Just 50 cents campaign: http://www.globalnetwork.org/just50cents

Climate Change and Morbidity Management for Lymphatic Filariasis

August 20th, 2010

By Jose de la Cruz, LEPRA Health in Action

Flooding as a result of climate change will have the most impact on disabled people

Climate change is a health and disability issue. It will affect the world’s poor and of those disabled people will be the most severely affected. People with Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) and other disabilities in developing countries will bear the impact of climate change.

Many factors associated with climate change will affect people with disabilities. These include: heat waves, drought and the resulting food insecurity, water scarcity, flooding and climate related disasters. All of these factors will have severe effects on the health of disabled people.

» Read more: Climate Change and Morbidity Management for Lymphatic Filariasis

Integrated Programs for Disability Prevention

August 10th, 2010

By: LEPRA Health In Action

Washing is an important self care technique to prevent and treat LF and Leprosy patients. Photo Credit: LEPRA Health in Action

According to The World Health Organization a ‘fundamental prerequisite for accelerating the elimination of lymphatic filariasis, is the integration of the programme with other disease control/eradication programmes’. Disability prevention is however an essential part of LF elimination.  

Where people are already affected by the mosquito borne disease LEPRA Health in Action has found that an integrated approach using self-care techniques to treat patients with LF along with leprosy and other lower limb disabilities is reaping rewards.

In places like Bangladesh and northern India there are few specialist services to help disabled people and government health centres are often only able to offer primary health care. The result is that preventable disability can occur. In addition to the physical effects of these diseases patients’ self-esteem and economic well-being can also be affected. » Read more: Integrated Programs for Disability Prevention

Reading List 7/20/2010

July 20th, 2010

As the 8th Annual International AIDS Conference takes place in Vienna, Austria this week, we would like to highlight some articles with news on HIV/AIDS. Today we’re reading about the push for more HIV/AIDS funding, the increasing new cases of HIV, and the increase in number of individuals receiving HIV treatment. And of course, we also threw in a couple articles about NTDs as well! Enjoy.

Leaders Weigh In On Global HIV/AIDS Funding, Medical News Today
Number of HIV-positive in treatment rose by a quarter last year, Chicago Tribune
More than five million people receiving HIV treatment, Webwire
Lymphatic filariasis: education leads to big increases in numbers who comply with treatment, Paul Chinnock
Uganda: Riverblindness Falls to 7 Percent, Eriosi Nantaba, All Africa

A Closer Look at Mass Drug Administration

July 15th, 2010

By: Alanna Shaikh

Photo Courtesy of http://www.doh.gov.ph

One of the most effective ways of fighting Neglected Tropical Diseases is through Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Basically, you treat an entire population with the drug for a specific disease. The idea is that by treating everybody at once, you interrupt transmission of the disease. So you get the benefit of treatment for all the individuals involved, and you also put a major dent into the spread of the disease. (If you want to learn more about MDA, there is a good article by Peter Hotez.)

The tricky thing about doing mass administration is that it’s an awful lot of people you need consent from. As soon as people start refusing the treatment – not taking the drugs, avoiding the treatment site, keeping their kids home from school, whatever – then your drug administration isn’t so mass any more. The people who get treated still benefit but you lose the multiplier effect of getting the whole population at once. In a worst case scenario, people do partial treatments. Then there is no individual benefit, no mass treatment benefit, and you run the risk of causing resistance to the drug treatment.

» Read more: A Closer Look at Mass Drug Administration

Reading List 7/6/2010

July 6th, 2010

Hope everyone enjoyed their long holiday weekend! To welcome you back from a well-deserved break, we have a great list of reads for your daily dose of NTD and global health news. Today we’re reading about the affect of NTDs and disease burden on IQ, the behavior of worms, the economic benefits of eliminating elephantiasis, and 1 million treated through mass drug administration in Haiti.

Low spending on Health in the Sri Lanka Budget could lead to low intelligence, Lanka Newspapers
Major economic benefits achieved by action to eliminate elephantiasis, Paul Chinnock, TropIKA
IMA World Health Treats More Than 1 million Haitians in June Mass Drug Administration, PRWeb
A Worm Bites Off Enough To Chew, Red Orbit

Reading List 6/30/2010

June 30th, 2010

New list of reads to help get you through the week! Today we’re reading about great strides and advances in the control and elimination of NTDs – such as the substantial drop in human African trypanosomiasis cases over the last five decades – as well as other developments that pose more as obstacles, such as the re-emergence of Dengue in the U.S. Take a look:

Human African trypanosomiasis: number of new cases drops to lowest level in 50 years, WHO
Community-Based Education Strengthens Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Science Daily
Pharmacy students work to close the gap, Charles Sturt University
Foreign Policy Examines GHI, PEPFAR, Kaiser Family Foundation
Researchers In Australia Make Important Malaria Breakthrough, Government of Australia
Do Parasites Make You Dumber?, Cassandra Willyard, ScienceNOW
Dengue Re-emerges in U.S., Spurring Race for Vaccine, Gayathri Vaidyanathan, The New York Times

Stephanie’s Story

June 28th, 2010

by: Christopher Glass

It’s about 6am on my last day of a week-long trip to Haiti.  I’m sitting in my hotel room in Port-Au-Prince waiting to be picked up to go the airport and I’m listening to the city wake up. My hotel room is quiet. No TV. No cell phones. When I close my eyes and listen I hear car horns beeping, pigs grunting and roosters crowing all in a matter of moments.

I’m sitting here thinking about all the things I witnessed and all the people I met– wonderful people who greeted me with a smile and a handshake. People walking down the street who waived to me when we made eye contact.

I slept well last night; thankfully I had a room with air conditioning since the high temperature has been hovering around 100 degrees. I missed that during our trip to Jacmel to watch the start of our second Mass Drug Administration (MDA) this month.

The MDA is part of the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) intervention in Haiti. This program started well before the earthquake, we’re distributing medicines to eliminate or control Lymphatic Filariasis (commonly known as Elephantiasis) and Soil-transmitted Helminths, particularly nasty intestinal worms.  IMA World Health’s role is to coordinate the boots on the ground- among other things. But I’ll get into more of that later.

I’m having a difficult time writing this blog entry because I have so much to say and so many photos to post. I feel like I could ramble on forever about this country and our work here but one story comes to mind. I’ll leave you with this image.

Her name is Stephanie.

She is 18 years old and she’s suffering from a severe case of Lymphatic Filariasis. (LF) We met her by accident; we took a wrong turn and ended up on a back street in Jacmel. When I saw her we stopped the car and I spoke with her with the help of Dr. Abdel Direny, a Haitian-born co-worker and friend who helped make this trip a success.

Stephanie

She says her parents are alive and living in Jacmel but want nothing to do with her; she sleeps at her grandmother’s home but is sent out during the day. She sits on this street and begs for money from strangers. I’m told the wall is where she spends her time.

I asked her if she was going to school– she can’t, there’s not enough money. Her section of street is about 500 yards from one of our distribution points. We offered to drive her to get some of the medicines for her leg but she declined saying she had already gone to a clinic and taken some medicine for her foot. Dr. Direny thought it may have been some pain medicine but wasn’t sure.

She sounded apprehensive about our pills. Dr. Direny did his best to explain their benefits and we asked her several times to take the medication but the best we could get was a promise that she’d go the next day. I hope she does.

The medicine distributed by IMA World Health for LF probably won’t reduce the swelling but it will get rid of the worms in the blood stream causing it. According to Dr. Direny, our Program Director in Haiti, she is very young to have such an advanced case, the medicine could still be a great help to her.

She needs access to a hospital capable of teaching her how to deal with her leg. It’s called Morbidity Management. IMA is connected to this, teaching people how to care for swollen limbs like this by washing and daily maintenance. Sometimes the swelling will go down.

This takes me back to the Mass Drug Administration. If she could have taken the pills at a younger age, she wouldn’t have developed the swelling. Her life would be dramatically different.

As I write this post, IMA World Health is distributing medicine to more than 1 million people in the month of June in Haiti. This is a huge number to wrap your mind around but consider this– they are doing it with a network of roughly 4,000 community volunteers.

This work is truly being done in a partnership with the Ministries of Health and Education and other implementing partners. IMA’s funding is from USAID through RTI and there is a huge community effort to make this a success. It’s great to see a partnership of this size working in a country facing so many obstacles to face in the months and years to come. There are so many people working hard to improve the lives of people they may never know. People like Stephanie.

If you would like to learn more about IMA World Health and follow updates on our work go to www.imaworldhealth.org.

Christopher Glass is the E-Communications Officer at IMA World Health